Emva kokusikwa kwendabuko, ii-apula zifakwe i-oxidized ngokulula.
Kubantu abaninzi baseMelika, “ipakethe esele ilungele ukutyiwa” yeyona mveliso bayiqhelileyo. Okubizwa ngokuba "i-ready-to-eat packaging" ibhekisela kwifom yemveliso ehlanjwe, inqunywe, kwaye ivulwe kwisikhwama.
Njengesiqhamo, ukugcina umgangatho emva kokusika ngumngeni omkhulu. Ngokukodwa, ii-apula zizityebi kwi-polyphenol compounds-ngenxa yezinto ezintle ze-antioxidant, zisetyenziswa njengomthombo "weenzuzo zempilo" zama-apula. Ngelo xesha, ii-apula nazo ziqulethe "i-polyphenol oxidase"-kwi-apula echanekileyo, yona kunye ne-polyphenol compounds zikwi-organelles ezahlukeneyo, amanzi ahamba kakuhle awaphuli amanzi omlambo. Nje ukuba iiseli zaphukile, ezi zimbini ziyadibana, kwaye i-oxidase ikhuthaza i-oxidation ye-polyphenols kwinto emnyama emnyama. Le yinto eyaziwa ngokuba yi "browning". I-apula ebomvu ayilahlekanga kuphela ixabiso elikhangayo, kodwa lihamba kunye nokwehla kwe-flavour.
Isisombululo esilula kunye nesikrwada kukusebenzisa "imichiza" ukukhusela i-oxidation emva kokusika. Ngokomzekelo, i-calcium ascorbate yi-antioxidant esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ekutyeni. Gxininisa iapile elisikiweyo kwisisombululo esinamanzi se-calcium ascorbate ukuthintela kakhulu umsebenzi we-polyphenol oxidase kwaye ugcine iapile ixesha elide ngaphandle kokuguquka kombala.
Nangona kunjalo, abantu abaninzi bazilumkele ngokwethuku “zongezo zokutya”. Emva kokucwina kwisisombululo esinamanzi, basenempembelelo ethile kwincasa. Abantu baseMerika baye bahlola indlela "yokuzoba imali phantsi kweketile" ngokuthe ngqo ukukhusela ii-apula ekuveliseni i-polyphenol oxidase. Ngoku ukuba iteknoloji yokuguqula imfuzo ikhulile kakhulu, oku akuyona into enzima. Uhlobo olutsha oluvunyiweyo lokuthengisa eUnited States, "i-Arctic Apple", inqanda ukuhlanganiswa kwe-polyphenol oxidase ngokuphazamiseka kwe-RNA. Iiapile zolu didi aziyi kutshintsha lula umbala emva kokunqunyulwa.
Kulo mfanekiso ungentla, icala lasekunene "i-Arctic Apple", kwaye icala lasekhohlo liyintlobo ehambelanayo engaguqukiyo. Emva kokunqunyulwa kwexesha elithile, iintlobo ezingaguquguqukiyo ziye zaqala ukugquma, kwaye i-apula eguquliweyo ngakwesokudla isafana.
Ukongeza kwi-apula ngokwayo, izazinzulu ziye zafumanisa ukuba indlela yokusika nayo inefuthe elibalulekileyo kwi-browning kunye ne-flavour ye-apula.
Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngaphambili, i-browning ye-apula ivela kwintlanganiso ye-polyphenols kunye ne-polyphenol oxidase emva kokuphazamiseka kweseli. Ukuba i-cutter incinci, iiseli ezininzi ziya kutyunyuzwa kwaye zityunyuzwe xa zisika; ngokuchaseneyo, ukuba i-blade ibukhali, iya kunqunyulwa ngaphandle kokunyanzeliswa okukhulu, kwaye iiseli ezimbalwa ziya konakaliswa. Ngohlobo "lwesixhobo sokusika i-apula" kumfanekiso wangaphambili, kukho iiseli ezininzi ezichotshoziweyo xa zisikwa, kwaye kulula ukuba mdaka emva kokusika.
Ukusika kwe-ultrasonic yiteknoloji yokucubungula esetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwishishini. Uphononongo olupapashwe kwiJenali yeSayensi yoKutya ngo-2019 luphonononga utshintsho kwindawo yokugcina iiapile ezisikwe yi-ultrasound.
Uphononongo luthelekisa iziphumo zokusika ngaphandle kwe-ultrasound, kunye ne-30%, i-40%, kunye ne-50% yamandla e-ultrasound.
Kulo mfanekiso ungasentla, i-A kunye ne-B ngamacandelo anqunywe ama-apula kunye nangaphandle kwe-ultrasound, ngokulandelanayo, kunye ne-C kunye ne-D ngamacandelo anqunywe kwiziqhamo zenyoka kunye nangaphandle kwe-ultrasound, ngokulandelanayo. Xa kuthelekiswa nokungasebenzisi i-ultrasound, umphezulu osikiweyo usebenzisa i-ultrasound ilula, iqinile, ineeseli eziqhekezayo ezincinci, kwaye isantya se-browning siyacotha ngexesha lokugcinwa. Abaphandi basusa ii-apula malunga ne-1 cm ubukhulu kumphezulu osikiweyo ukuze babone umsebenzi we-polyphenol oxidase. Iziphumo zibonise ukuba ngexesha lenkqubo yokusika, i-ultrasound yabangela umonakalo omkhulu kwi-polyphenol oxidase. Ukuphakama kwamandla e-ultrasonic, kunamandla umonakalo.
Ewe, eyona njongo yophando yindlela yokuphembelela incasa kunye nencasa. I-tasters engamashumi amabini anesithathu yayisetyenziselwa ukulinganisa isifundo, kunye ne-1 ebonisa "ukungathandi kakhulu" kunye ne-9 ebonisa "ifana kakhulu". Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba ingaba umbala okanye incasa, i-ultrasonically cut those are most popular more; kwinkqubo yokugcina, iisampulu ezisikiwe nge-ultrasonically zihlala zithandwa kakhulu kunezo zingekho kwi-ultrasonically cut.
Ngokomzekelo, kwinqaku "lokwamkelwa ngokubanzi", amanqaku aphakathi kwe-non-ultrasound kunye ne-50% ye-ultrasound cut Huang Shuai yayiyi-4.5 kunye ne-8.4, iveki enye emva kwe-4.3 kunye ne-7.1, kunye neeveki ezimbini emva kwe-3.3 kunye ne-5.7, ngokulandelanayo. Oko kukuthi, i-50% yee-apula ezinqunywe yi-ultrasound, emva kweeveki ezimbini, zithandwa kakhulu kunokuba zinqunywe yi-non-ultrasound.
Kwenzeka into efanayo nakwiziqhamo zenyoka. Xa isanda kunqunyulwa, i-non-ultrasonic cut score yayiyi-4.7, eyayiphakathi "ayiyithandi okanye ayifuni" kunye "nokungathandi okuncinci", ngelixa i-50% ye-ultrasound cut score yayiyi-8.3, eyayiphakathi "kakhulu" kunye "nokugqithisa kakhulu"; emva kweeveki ezimbini, i-non-ultrasound cut score yayiyi-1.7, phakathi kwe-" engathandwa kakhulu "kwaye" engathandwa kakhulu ", kunye ne-50% ye-ultrasound cut score yayiyi-5.7, eyayiphakathi" ngokungakhathali Phakathi "nokungathandi" kunye "nokufana kancinci".
