Thaum ultrasonic nthwv dej propagated nyob rau hauv nruab nrab, vim muaj kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm lub ultrasonic tsis thiab nruab nrab, qhov nruab nrab undergoes lub cev thiab tshuaj hloov, uas ua rau ib tug series ntawm mechanical, thermal, electromagnetic thiab tshuaj ultrasonic teebmeem, nrog rau cov teebmeem hauv qab no:
Mechanical nyhuv
Lub tshuab ua haujlwm los ntawm ultrasound tuaj yeem txhawb nqa cov emulsification ntawm cov kua, liquefaction ntawm gels, thiab dispersion ntawm cov khib nyiab. Thaum cov kua dej ultrasonic tsim cov yoj sawv hauv qhov nruab nrab, cov khoom me me uas tau muab tshem tawm hauv cov kua yog condensed ntawm lub node vim lub tshuab quab yuam thiab tsim ib ntus tsub zuj zuj hauv nruab nrab.
Cov nyhuv electromagnetic
Thaum ultrasonic tsis propagate nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv piezoelectric thiab magnetostrictive cov ntaub ntawv, induced polarization thiab induced magnetization vim lub tshuab txiav txim ntawm ultrasonic tsis.
Cavitation nyhuv
Ntau tus npuas me tuaj yeem tsim tau thaum ultrasonic tsis siv rau cov kua. Ib qho laj thawj yog tias qhov kev ntxhov siab hauv zos tau tshwm sim hauv cov kua los tsim lub siab tsis zoo. Qhov txo qis hauv qhov siab ua rau cov pa roj tau yaj hauv cov kua supersaturated thiab khiav tawm ntawm cov kua ua npuas me. Lwm qhov laj thawj yog qhov muaj zog tensile kev nyuaj siab "lub kua muag" cov kua rau hauv kab noj hniav hu ua cavitation. Hauv cov kab noj hniav yog kua vapor lossis lwm cov roj uas yaj hauv cov kua, tej zaum txawm tias lub tshuab nqus tsev. Cov npuas me me uas tsim los ntawm cavitation yuav txav mus ntxiv, loj hlob, lossis tawg nrog kev vibration ntawm qhov nruab nrab ib puag ncig. Thaum nws tawg, cov kua ib puag ncig dheev tawg mus rau hauv cov npuas kom tsim tau qhov kub thiab txias, nrog rau kev poob siab. Kev sib txhuam sab hauv uas nrog cavitation tuaj yeem tsim hluav taws xob thiab ua rau luminescence nyob rau hauv cov npuas vim paug tawm. Lub tshuab ntawm kev kho ultrasonic hauv cov kua yog feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog cavitation.
Cov nyhuv thermal
Vim lub siab ultrasonic zaus thiab lub zog siab, nws tuaj yeem tsim cov teebmeem thermal thaum absorbed los ntawm lub workpiece.
Cov nyhuv tshuaj
Cov nyhuv ntawm ultrasonic tsis tuaj yeem txhawb lossis nrawm qee cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Piv txwv li, cov dej ntshiab distilled generates hydrogen peroxide tom qab kho ultrasonic; nitrogen-solved dej generates nitrous acid tom qab kev kho mob ultrasonic; thiab cov dye aqueous tov yuav hloov xim los yog ploj tom qab kev kho mob ultrasonic. Cov phenomena yeej ib txwm nrog cavitation. Ultrasound kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua kom cov hydrolysis, decomposition thiab polymerization txheej txheem ntawm ntau cov tshuaj. Ultrasound kuj tseem muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov txheej txheem photochemical thiab electrochemical. Tom qab kev kho ultrasonic ntawm ntau yam aqueous daws ntawm ntau yam amino acids thiab lwm yam organic tshuaj, cov yam ntxwv nqus spectrum band ploj mus thiab qhia tau hais tias ib tug niaj hnub absorption, uas qhia tau hais tias lub molecular qauv tau hloov los ntawm cavitation.
