Ka dib marka la gooyo dhaqameed, tufaaxa si fudud ayaa oksidized.

Dad badan oo Maraykan ah, "baakad diyaar u ah in la cuno" ayaa ah qaabka alaabta ee ay inta badan caadaysteen. Waxa loogu yeero "Baakadaha diyaarka u ah in la cuno" waxaa loola jeedaa foomka alaabta ee la dhaqay, la jaray, laguna furay boorso.

 

Midho ahaan, ilaalinta tayada ka dib goynta waa caqabad weyn. Gaar ahaan, tufaaxa ayaa qani ku ah xeryahooda polyphenol-sababtoo ah sifooyinka wanaagsan ee antioxidant-ka, waxaa loo isticmaalaa ilaha "faa'iidooyinka caafimaadka" ee tufaaxa. Isla mar ahaantaana, tufaaxa ayaa sidoo kale ku jira "polyphenol oxidase" - tufaax aan nadiif ahayn, isaga iyo polyphenol waxay ku jiraan unugyo kala duwan, biyaha ceelkuna kuma xadgudbaan biyaha webiga. Marka unugyadu jabaan, labaduba way isu yimaadaan, oxidase-kuna wuxuu kor u qaadaa oksaydhka polyphenols ilaa walax madow madow. Tani waa waxa inta badan loo yaqaan "browning". Tufaaxa browned kaliya ma lumin qiimaha soo jiidashada leh, laakiin sidoo kale waxaa weheliya hoos u dhaca dhadhanka.

 

Xalka ugu fudud uguna qallafsan waa in la isticmaalo "kiimikada" si looga hortago oxidation ka dib marka la gooyo. Tusaale ahaan, calcium ascorbate waa antioxidant caadi ahaan loo isticmaalo cuntada. Ku dhex quusi ​​tufaaxa la jarjaray xal aqueous ah oo ah calcium ascorbate si aad si weyn u joojiso dhaqdhaqaaqa polyphenol oxidase iyo sii tufaaxa muddo dheer iyada oo aan midab lahayn.

 

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dad badan ayaa si dareen leh uga welwelsan "cuntooyinka lagu daro". Ka dib markii lagu qooyay xal aqueous, waxay weli xoogaa saameyn ah ku leeyihiin dhadhanka. Dadka Maraykanku waxay sidoo kale sahamiyeen habka "lacag lagu sawiro gunta hoose" si toos ah si looga hortago in tufaaxa uu soo saaro polyphenol oxidase. Hadda oo tignoolajiyada wax-is-beddelka hidde-sidaha ay aad u qaan-gaartay, tani maaha wax adag. Nooc cusub oo loo oggolaaday suuq-geynta gudaha Mareykanka, "Apple Arctic", ayaa xannibaya isku-darka polyphenol oxidase iyada oo loo marayo faragelinta RNA. Tufaaxa noocaan ah si fudud uma beddeli doono midab ka dib marka la gooyo.

 

Sawirka kore, dhinaca midig waa "Apple Arctic", dhinaca bidixna waa noocyo kala duwan oo aan dib loo habeynin. Ka dib markii la gooyey muddo wakhti ah, noocyada aan la beddelin ayaa bilaabay inay bunni ah, iyo tufaaxa la beddelay ee dhinaca midig weli waa isku mid.

 

Marka laga reebo tufaaxa laftiisa, saynisyahannadu waxay ogaadeen in habka goynta uu sidoo kale saameyn weyn ku leeyahay browning iyo dhadhanka tufaaxa.

 

Sida hore loo soo sheegay, browning ee tufaaxa waxay ka timaadaa kulanka polyphenols iyo polyphenol oxidase ka dib khalkhalka unugyada. Haddii gooyuhu uu yara cad yahay, unugyo badan ayaa la jajabin doonaa oo la jajabin doonaa marka la gooyo; cagsigeeda, haddii daabku fiiqan yahay, waa la gooyaa iyada oo aan aad loo riixin, unugyo yarina way dhaawacmi doonaan. Nooca "qalabka goynta tufaaxa" ee sawirkii hore, waxaa jira unugyo badan oo la jajabiyey marka la jarayo, wayna fududahay in la gooyo ka dib marka la gooyo.

 

Goynta Ultrasonic waa tignoolajiyada processing in si weyn loo isticmaalo warshadaha. Daraasad lagu daabacay Joornaalka Sayniska Cunnada ee 2019 ayaa sahamisay isbeddellada kaydinta tufaaxa ee ay gooyeen ultrasound.

 

Daraasadu waxay barbar dhigtay natiijooyinka goynta aan lahayn ultrasound, iyo 30%, 40%, iyo 50% tamarta ultrasound.

 

Sawirka kore, A iyo B waa qaybaha la jarjaray ee tufaaxa leh iyo aan lahayn ultrasound, siday u kala horreeyaan, iyo C iyo D waa qaybaha la jarjaray ee miraha masaska oo leh iyo aan lahayn ultrasound, siday u kala horreeyaan. Marka la barbardhigo isticmaal la'aanta ultrasound, dusha sare ee la gooyey iyadoo la isticmaalayo ultrasound waa sahlan tahay, adag, oo leh unugyo jaban oo yar, iyo xawaaraha browning waa gaabis ah inta lagu jiro kaydinta. Cilmi-baadhayaashu waxay ka saareen tufaax qiyaastii 1 cm dhumucdiisuna waxay ahayd dusha la jaray si loo ogaado dhaqdhaqaaqa polyphenol oxidase. Natiijooyinku waxay muujiyeen in inta lagu guda jiro habka goynta, ultrasound uu sababay dhaawac weyn oo loo yaqaan 'polyphenol oxidase'. Mar kasta oo tamarta ultrasonic sare u kacdo, way sii xoogaysanaysaa dhaawaca.

 

Dabcan, hadafka ugu dambeeya ee cilmi-baaristu waa sida loo saameeyo dhadhanka iyo dhadhanka. Saddex iyo labaatan dhadhan ayaa loo adeegsaday si loo qiimeeyo daraasadda, iyadoo 1 uu tilmaamayo "aad u neceb" iyo 9 oo muujinaya "aad u jecel". Natiijooyinka waxay muujinayaan in haddii ay tahay midab ama dhadhan, kuwa ultrasonically gooyay ayaa aad u caan ah; habka kaydinta, shaybaarrada ultrasonically cut had iyo jeer waa ka sii caan ka badan kuwa aan ultrasonically gooyn.

 

Tusaale ahaan, dhibcaha " aqbalida guud ", celceliska dhibcaha aan-ultrasound-ka ahayn iyo 50% ultrasound gooyay Huang Shuai waxay ahaayeen 4.5 iyo 8.4, hal usbuuc ka dib 4.3 iyo 7.1, iyo laba toddobaad ka dib 3.3 iyo 5.7, siday u kala horreeyaan. Taasi waa in la yiraahdo, 50% tufaaxa la gooyey ultrasound, laba toddobaad ka dib, ayaa ka caan ah marka la gooyo non-ultrasound.

 

Isbeddel la mid ah ayaa ka dhacaya miraha abeesada. Markii la gooyay kaliya, dhibcaha gooynta aan ultrasonic ahayn waxay ahayd 4.7, taas oo ahayd meel u dhaxaysa "ma jecla ama ma jecli" iyo "wax yar oo nacayb ah", halka 50% dhibcaha ultrasound gooyay ay ahayd 8.3, taas oo u dhaxaysay "aad u jecel" iyo "aad u eg"; laba toddobaad ka dib, dhibcaha gooyay non-ultrasound waxay ahayd 1.7, inta u dhaxaysa" aad loo necbahay "iyo" aad loo necbahay ", iyo 50% ultrasound gooyay score ahaa 5.7, taas oo u dhaxaysay" aan dan ka lahayn Inta u dhaxaysa" nacaybka "iyo" wax yar oo kale ah ".