Mushure mekucheka kwechinyakare, maapuro ari nyore oxidized.
Kune vanhu vazhinji vekuAmerica, "kugadzirira-kudya-kurongedza" ndiyo fomu yechigadzirwa yavanonyanya kujaira. Iyo inonzi "ready-to-eat packaging" inoreva chimiro chechigadzirwa chinogezwa, kutemwa, uye kuvhurwa mubhegi.
Semuchero, kuchengetedza hutano mushure mekucheka idambudziko guru. Kunyanya, maapuro akapfuma mu polyphenol compounds-nekuda kwemaitiro avo akanaka e-antioxidant, anoshandiswa sechitubu che "hutano hunobatsira" hwemaapuro. Panguva imwecheteyo, maapuro anewo "polyphenol oxidase" -mumaapuro asina kusimba, iyo uye polyphenol makemikari ari mu organelles akasiyana, mvura yematsime haiputsi mvura yerwizi. Kana masero angotyoka, maviri anouya pamwechete, uye oxidase inosimudzira oxidation yepolyphenols kune chinhu chakasviba chakasviba. Izvi ndizvo zvinowanzonzi "browning". Iyo apuro yakasvibiswa haina kungorasikirwa nekunaka kwayo, asiwo inoperekedzwa nekuderera kwekunaka.
Iyo yakareruka uye yakashata mhinduro ndeye kushandisa "makemikari" kudzivirira oxidation mushure mekucheka. Semuenzaniso, calcium ascorbate inonzi antioxidant inowanzoshandiswa muchikafu. Nyura apuro rakachekwa mumushonga une aqueous we calcium ascorbate kuti udzivise zvakanyanya kuita kwe polyphenol oxidase uye chengeta apuro kwenguva yakareba isina kushanduka.
Nekudaro, vanhu vazhinji vanongofunga nezve "zvekuwedzera zvekudya". Mushure mekunyura mumushonga une aqueous, ivo vachine pesvedzero pakunaka. Vanhu vekuAmerica vakaongororawo nzira ye "kudhonza mari pasi peketero" zvakananga kudzivirira maapuro kubva pakugadzira polyphenol oxidase. Iye zvino iyo genetic manipulation tekinoroji yakakura kwazvo, ichi hachisi chinhu chakaoma. Imwe mhando nyowani yakatenderwa kushambadzira muUnited States, "Arctic Apple", inhibits synthesis ye polyphenol oxidase kuburikidza nekukanganiswa kweRNA. Maapuro emhando iyi haazoshanduri ruvara mushure mekucheka.
Mumufananidzo uri pamusoro, rutivi rworudyi ndi "Arctic Apple", uye rutivi rworuboshwe ndiyo inoenderana isina kugadziriswa yakasiyana-siyana. Mushure mokuchekwa kuvhurika kwenguva yakati rebei, mhando dzisina kuchinjwa dzakatanga kusviba, uye apuro yakagadziridzwa genetically ichiri yakafanana.
Mukuwedzera kune apuro pachayo, masayendisiti akawana kuti nzira yekucheka inewo zvakakosha pakusvibisa uye kunakidza kweapuro.
Sezvambotaurwa, kusviba kwemaapuro kunobva kumusangano wepolyphenols uye polyphenol oxidase mushure mekukanganiswa kwesero. Kana mucheki wacho asina kujeka, mamwe masero achapwanyika uye akapwanyika pakucheka; pane zvinopesana, kana blade yakapinza, ichachekwa pasina kunyanya kudzvinyirira, uye masero mashoma achakuvadzwa. Nemhando ye "kucheka maapuro mudziyo" mumufananidzo wapfuura, kune mamwe maseru anopwanyika pakucheka, uye zviri nyore kusviba mushure mekucheka.
Ultrasonic yekucheka inyanzvi yekugadzira iyo yakashandiswa zvakanyanya muindasitiri. Chidzidzo chakaburitswa muChinyorwa cheChikafu Sayenzi muna 2019 chinoongorora shanduko mukuchengetwa kwemaapuro akachekwa ne ultrasound.
Chidzidzo ichi chakaenzanisa mhedzisiro yekucheka pasina ultrasound, uye ne30%, 40%, uye 50% ultrasound simba.
Pamufananidzo uri pamusoro, A uye B ndiwo zvidimbu zvakachekwa zvemaapuro ane uye asina ultrasound, zvichiteerana, uye C uye D ndiwo akachekwa emuchero wenyoka ane uye asina Ultrasound, zvichiteerana. Kuenzaniswa nekusashandisa ultrasound, iyo yakachekwa pamusoro uchishandisa ultrasound inotsvedzerera, yakasimba, ine mashoma akatyoka maseru, uye browning kumhanya inononoka panguva yekuchengetedza. Vatsvakurudzi vakabvisa maapuro anenge 1 cm mukobvu panzvimbo yakachekwa kuti vaone polyphenol oxidase chiitiko. Zvigumisiro zvakaratidza kuti panguva yekucheka, ultrasound yakakonzera kukanganisa kukuru kune polyphenol oxidase. Iyo yakakwirira iyo ultrasonic simba, iyo yakasimba kukuvadza.
Ehe, chinangwa chekupedzisira chetsvagurudzo ndechekupesvedzera kunaka uye kuravira. Makumi maviri nenhatu akashandiswa kuyera chidzidzo, ne1 ichiratidza "kusada zvakanyanya" uye 9 ichiratidza "zvakanyanya kufanana". Mhedzisiro yacho inoratidza kuti ingave ruvara kana kuravira, iwo ultrasonically akachekwa anonyanya kufarirwa; mukuchengetedza maitiro, ma ultrasonically cut samples anogara achinyanya kufarirwa kupfuura asina-ultrasonically akachekwa.
Semuenzaniso, muchikamu che "kugamuchirwa kwese", avhareji yezvibodzwa zvisiri zveultrasound uye 50% ultrasound cut Huang Shuai yaive 4.5 uye 8.4, vhiki imwe mushure me4.3 uye 7.1, uye mavhiki maviri mushure me3.3 uye 5.7, zvichiteerana. Izvi zvinoreva kuti, 50% yemaapuro akachekwa ne ultrasound, mushure memavhiki maviri, anonyanya kufarirwa kupfuura apo akachekwa neasina-ultrasound.
Izvo zvakafanana zviri kuitika mumuchero wenyoka. Payainge ichangobva kuchekwa, iyo isiri-ultrasonic cut score yaive 4.7, yaive pane imwe nzvimbo pakati pe "haazvifarire kana kwete" uye "asingafarire zvishoma", nepo 50% ultrasound cut score yaive 8.3, yaive pakati pe "very like" uye "extreme Like it"; mushure memavhiki maviri, iyo isiri-ultrasound yakachekwa mamakisi yaive 1.7, pakati" isingafarirwe zvakanyanya "uye" yakanyanya kusada ", uye 50% ultrasound cut mamakisi yaive 5.7, yaive pakati" isina hanya Pakati pe "kusada" uye "zvishoma zvakafanana".
